Melatonin Capsule

Melatonin Capsules
Usage
Melatonin capsules are an oral formulation of a hormone that regulates the sleep–wake cycle, used to support sleep initiation and circadian rhythm regulation.
They may be prescribed for:
• Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep)
• Delayed sleep phase disorder
• Jet lag
• Shift work sleep disturbances
• Sleep disturbances associated with neurological or developmental conditions (as directed by a healthcare professional)
Melatonin is often used as a short-term or adjunctive therapy for sleep disorders.

Dosage
Dosage should be determined by the prescribing practitioner based on the patient’s age, condition, and response to treatment.
Typical dosing considerations include:
• Taken once daily in the evening, usually 30–60 minutes before bedtime
• Dose may be adjusted based on response and tolerability
• Capsules should be swallowed whole with water
• May be taken with or without food
The lowest effective dose should be used.

Mechanisms of Action
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates circadian rhythms.
Its mechanisms include:
Regulation of circadian rhythm
Melatonin acts on receptors in the brain (particularly the suprachiasmatic nucleus) to help regulate the sleep–wake cycle.
Promotion of sleep onset
It signals the body that it is time to sleep, facilitating sleep initiation.
Adjustment of biological clock
Melatonin helps reset circadian rhythms in conditions such as jet lag or shift work.

Contraindications
Melatonin capsules should not be used in patients with:
• Hypersensitivity to melatonin or any component of the formulation

Precautions
Melatonin should be used with caution in patients with:
• Depression or mood disorders
• Autoimmune conditions
• Epilepsy or seizure disorders
• Hepatic impairment
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding, unless advised by a healthcare professional
Additional considerations include:
• May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or headache
• Avoid activities requiring alertness (e.g., driving) after taking melatonin
• May interact with medications such as:
• Sedatives
• Antidepressants
• Anticoagulants
• Long-term use should be reviewed by a healthcare professional
Patients should seek medical advice if they experience persistent sleep problems, mood changes, or unusual side effects.

Storage
• Store below 25°C unless otherwise directed
• Keep capsules in a tightly closed container
• Protect from heat, moisture, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children and pets
Patients should follow the storage instructions provided on the dispensing label supplied by the pharmacy.